• br Introduction Myasthenia gravis MG is an autoimmune diseas

  2025-02-06

  

  Introduction Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease characterised by failure of transmission at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). In 80–85% of myasthenia gravis patients, the disease is mediated by antibodies to the nicotinic N6-methyladenosine receptor (AChR; (Lindstrom et al., 1976). M

• It has been recognized for decades that

  2025-02-06

  

  It has been recognized for decades that neurons in the mammalian central nervous system may release both a fast-acting, typically amino acid derived neurotransmitter such as glutamate or GABA, and a second peptidergic neuromodulatory molecule such as neuropeptide Y, substance P, or cholecystokinin.

• In fact serotonin is a major

  2025-02-06

  

  In fact, serotonin is a major modulator of dopaminergic (DA) neuronal activity through the 5-HT2C receptor. Studies have shown that the selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist Ro60-0175 blocks the burst-firing of mesolimbic DA neurons, which project from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus acc

• Based on the observation that

  2025-02-06

  

  Based on the observation that antipsychotic drugs increase 5-HT1A–D2 heteromerization level (Łukasiewicz et al., 2016), we set out to compare the effect of paroxetine to that of risperidone. Paroxetine, a potent SSRI, is very effective in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders, e.g., gene

• Several tertiary prevention studies are currently underway e

  2025-02-06

  

  Several tertiary prevention studies are currently underway examining the use of dutasteride for prostate cancer treatment: (1) during expectant management of prostate cancer, (2) after radical prostatectomy in men at high risk for relapse, and (3) in men with metastatic disease. The Reduction by Dut

• Physiology genetics and biochemistry of

  2025-02-06

  

  Physiology, genetics, and kn 47 of CYP17A1 Clinical presentation and diagnosis Treatment Acknowledgements I thank Dr. Hwei-Ming Peng for assistance with preparing Fig. 3. This work was supported by grant R01GM086596 from the National Institutes of Health. Introduction Prostate cancer i

• For both the hydroxylation and lyase reactions the

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  For both, the 17α-hydroxylation and 17, 20-lyase reactions, the heme iron center of P450 17A1 receives electron reducing equivalents from CPR. Both reactions require one pair of electrons and molecular oxygen for the conversion of the substrate into product in each catalytic cycle. However, the 17,2

• An AXL decoy receptor with enhanced GAS binding

  2025-02-06

  

  An AXL decoy receptor with enhanced GAS6-binding properties, MYD1, was engineered as a therapeutic tool to disrupt GAS6/AXL signaling in vivo (Kariolis et al., 2014). MYD1 was shown to block metastasis of human ovarian cancer 17-Hydroxyprogesterone synthesis and a murine breast cancer cell line in

• br Materials and methods br Results To explore the potential

  2025-02-06

  

  Materials and methods Results To explore the potential role of autophagy in drug resistance, we firstly performed immunohistochemistry to compare the Morin Research of p62 in paired primary, metastatic, and recurrent tumor tissues from 26 ovarian cancer patients. The expression of p62 was rev

• adenosine kinase br Concluding remarks Autophagy ensures

  2025-02-06

  

  Concluding remarks Autophagy ensures cell homeostasis and survival through the continuous degradation/recycling of intracellular components. It can also represent a conserved, cell-intrinsic, defense mechanism against invading pathogens, including viruses. The autophagy process can be activated r

• br Breast cancer The interactions between LOX and COX

  2025-02-06

  

  Breast cancer The interactions between 15-LOX and COX enzymes also affect the outcome of breast cancer. Indomethacin, a COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor, decreased the growth of human breast cancer (BC) cells in nude mice, as well as slowed the rate of lung metastasis formation [41]. The levels of 12-HE

• br Results br Discussion Both ATM

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  Results Discussion Both ATM and ATR are key regulators of the cellular response to DSBs, yet how exactly they function in concert is not well understood. Recent studies revealed that ATM is required for the resection of DSBs (Jazayeri et al., 2006, Myers and Cortez, 2006), a process necessary

• br Introduction Throughout early prophase I meiotic

  2025-02-06

  

  Introduction Throughout early prophase I, meiotic cells intentionally generate DSBs as part of a stringently controlled process to initiate homologous recombination (HR). HR is a critical DSB repair pathway that ultimately permits the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes

• The levels of Mcl and FLIP are homeostatically controlled by

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  The levels of Mcl-1 and FLIP are homeostatically controlled by transcriptional and posttranslational processes. Accumulating evidence suggested that intracellular signaling molecules such as Akt are crucial to the transcription of Mcl-1 and FLIP [30], [31]. The constitutive activation of Akt is dete

• Although the role of apelin and APJ receptor in

  2025-02-06

  

  Although the role of apelin and APJ receptor in cardiovascular functions has been well-elucidated, little is known for the effect of the central apelinergic system on gastrointestinal (GI) functions. In mice, it has been found previously that central exogenous apelin-13 decreased gastric emptying (G

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